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A Fluid Frontier: Minority and Ethnic Groups and Opportunity in Oklahoma

Bibliography

An Educational Initiative of the Middle East Policy Council,http://teachmideast.org/articles/arab-middle-eastern-and-muslim-whats-the-difference/

Blackburn, Bob L. "Unassigned Lands," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc.php?entry=UN001

Brown, Donald N. "Immigration," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc.php?entry=IM001.

Brown, Lynn. "Great Spanish Road," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc.php?entry=GR018.

Burton , Art T. "Reeves, Bass," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=RE02.

Dary, David. "Cattle Drives," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc.php?entry=CA076.

Dew, Jay R. "Chinese Exclusion in Oklahoma: A Case of Overt Discrimination," The Chronicles of Oklahoma 74 (Fall 1993): 284–291.

Dortch, Steven D. "Chisholm Trail," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc.php?entry=CH045.

Everett, Dianna. "Asians," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=AS006.

Everett, Dianna. "European Exploration," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc.php?entry=EU002.

Frank, Andrew K. "Five Civilized Tribes," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc.php?entry=FI011.

Franklin, Jimmie Lewis. "African Americans," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://>www.okhistory.org/publications/enc.php?entry=AF003.

Franzmann, Tom. "Indian Home Guard," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=IN010.

Green, Donald E. "Settlement Patterns," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc.php?entry=SE024.

Glasrud, Bruce A. "Buffalo Soldiers," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc.php?entry=BU005.

Goostree, Eric. "Mining Towns," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=MI042.

Habiby, Raymond. "Middle Easterners," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=MI007.

Kidwell, Clara Sue. "Allotment," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc.php?entry=AL011.

Library of Congress, Digital Collections "Today in History, January 24th – Gold!" https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/january-24/.

Library of Congress, "The Transcontinental Railroad" https://www.loc.gov/collections/railroad-maps-1828-to-1900/articles-and-essays/history-of-railroads-and-maps/the-transcontinental-railroad/.

Miller, Diane. "Frontier Freedom: Seeking the Underground Railroad in Indian Territory," The Chronicles of Oklahoma 87 (Spring 2009): 76–93.

Mullins, William H. "Great Depression," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=GR014.

O'Dell, Larry. "All-Black Towns," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=AL009

Smith, Michael M. "Hispanics," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc.php?entry=HI014.

Smith, Michael M. "Latinos in Oklahoma: A History of Four and a Half Centuries," The Chronicles of Oklahoma 87 (Summer 2009): 186–223.

Smith, Michael M. "Mexicans," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc.php?entry=ME024.

Smithsonian, National Museum of the American Indian, "IndiVisible: African-Native Lives in the Americas" https://americanindian.si.edu/exhibitions/indivisible/index.html.

United States Department of State, Office of the Historian, https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/opening-to-japan.

Zellar, Gary. "Occupying the Middle Ground: African Creeks in the First Indian Home Guard, 1862–1865," The Chronicles of Oklahoma 76 (Spring 1998): 48-71.

Photographs

  1. Group of Chinese people. Meyers Photo Shop. Kiehn Acct., photograph, c. 1938; (gateway.okhistory.org/ ark:/67531/metadc1118195/: accessed February 4, 2019), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.
  2. Captive rescued from Comanches, photograph, c. 1871; (gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc230181/: accessed February 4, 2019), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.
  3. S. Douglas Russell, photograph, c. 1900; (gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc962975/: accessed February 4, 2019), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.
  4. M. Shadid. [Photograph 2012.201.B1237.0640], photograph, December 7, 1938; (gateway.okhistory.org/ ark:/67531/metadc531592/: accessed February 4, 2019), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society
  5. [Photograph 2012.201.B0144.0284], photograph, 1941; (gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc316572/: accessed January 16, 2019), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.
  6. HISMAP.0039. The Old Chisholm Cattle Trail with subsidiary trails in Texas. 1873, OHS.
  7. Pawnee Bill. Gessford. [Photograph 2012.201.B0358B.0436], photograph, June 5, 1955; (gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc442873/: accessed January 30, 2019), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.
  8. Cattle from E.K. Giles Ranch near Coalgate, Oklahoma, photograph, 1905; (gateway.okhistory.org/ ark:/67531/metadc232087/: accessed January 16, 2019), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.
  9. Mexican Revolution. [United states: publisher not identified, between 1911 and 1914] Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2002697939/.
  10. Meyers Photo Shop. Railroad Depot, photograph, April 23, 1889; (gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/ metadc1119281/: accessed February 20, 2019), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.
  11. Image courtesy of the IndiVisible exhibit by the National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian.
  12. Chickasaw Freemen Filing Allotments, photograph, [1899..1928]; (gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/ metadc962736/: accessed February 13, 2019), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.
  13. Prettyman, William S. [Photograph 2012.201.B1258.0920], photograph, September 16, 1883; (gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc527356/: accessed January 25, 2019), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.
  14. Collection unavailable, OHS.
  15. Created by the Oklahoma Historical Society, OHS.
  16. Mines in Peoria, Oklahoma. [Photograph 2012.201.B1013.0098], photograph, date unknown; (gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc577833/: accessed February 1, 2019), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.
  17. Railroad workers. [Photograph 2012.201.B1017.0115], photograph, July 14, 1889; (gateway.okhistory.org/ ark:/67531/metadc574030/: accessed January 30, 2019), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.
  18. Collection unavailable, OHS.
  19. Collection unavailable, OHS.
  20. Basket peddlers. [Between 1909 and 1920] Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2016821587/.
  21. Reading the Emancipation Proclamation/H.W. Herrick, del., J.W. Watts, sc., ca. 1864. [Hartford, Conn.: S.A. Peters and Co] Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2003678043/.