Home |  PublicationsEncyclopedia |  White Eagle

The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture

White Eagle, wearing an 1857 Peace Medal
(5012, Thomas N. Athey Collection, OHS).

WHITE EAGLE (ca. 1840–1914).

White Eagle was the hereditary chief of the Ponca Indians. In 1879, when Standing Bear and other Poncas returned to their Nebraska homeland to bury Standing Bear's deceased son, White Eagle led the Ponca who remained in Indian Territory on their assigned reservation. White Eagle reported to a congressional committee in 1880 that they had decided to remain in their adopted home.

White Eagle left a narrative of the Ponca removal from their lands along Nebraska's Niobrara River. He said, in part, "The soldiers . . . forced us across the Niobrara . . . just as one would drive a herd of ponies. . . . And so I reached the Warm Land [Oklahoma]. We found the land there was bad and we were dying, one after another, and . . . our animals died, and, oh, it was very hot. 'This land is truly sickly . . . and we hope the Great Father will take us back [home] again.' That is what we said. There were one hundred of us died there."

During ensuing years White Eagle and his followers overcame many hardships to make a home in Indian Territory. He was a progressive leader who favored allotment. A friend of the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch, White Eagle died on February 3, 1914, and was buried at White Eagle, a Kay County community named in his honor.

Bruce E. Johansen

Bibliography

Ellsworth Collings and Alma Miller England, The 101 Ranch (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971).

Bill Yenne and Susan Garratt, North American Indians (Hong Kong: Ottenheimer Publishers, 1993).

Charles Leroy Zimmerman, White Eagle: Chief of the Poncas (Harrisburg, Pa.: Telegraph Press, 1941).


Citation

The following (as per The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition) is the preferred citation for articles:
Bruce E. Johansen, “White Eagle,” The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=WH005.

Published January 15, 2010

Copyright and Terms of Use

No part of this site may be construed as in the public domain.

Copyright to all articles and other content in the online and print versions of The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History is held by the Oklahoma Historical Society (OHS). This includes individual articles (copyright to OHS by author assignment) and corporately (as a complete body of work), including web design, graphics, searching functions, and listing/browsing methods. Copyright to all of these materials is protected under United States and International law.

Users agree not to download, copy, modify, sell, lease, rent, reprint, or otherwise distribute these materials, or to link to these materials on another web site, without authorization of the Oklahoma Historical Society. Individual users must determine if their use of the Materials falls under United States copyright law's "Fair Use" guidelines and does not infringe on the proprietary rights of the Oklahoma Historical Society as the legal copyright holder of The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and part or in whole.