Spiro Mounds Frequently Asked Questions
What is Spiro Mounds?
Spiro Mounds is one of the most significant Native American archaeological sites in the United States. Between approximately AD 850 and 1450, it was a major religious and ceremonial center for the Caddoan Mississippian culture living in the Arkansas River Valley. Today, visitors can explore the preserved earthworks, learn about the site’s history in the visitor center, and walk the interpretive trail.
Are the mounds original?
Most of the mounds at Spiro are the original prehistoric earthworks built between approximately AD 850 and 1450. Craig Mound is one of the few exceptions. In the 1930s, commercial treasure hunters extensively damaged the mound before modern archaeological protections were in place. In the 1970s, Craig Mound was reconstructed from photographs taken before it was disturbed, allowing visitors to better understand how it originally appeared. Although reconstructed, Craig Mound stands in its original location and remains one of the most significant features at Spiro Mounds.
Do archaeologists still conduct excavations at Spiro Mounds?
Yes, although archaeological excavations at Spiro Mounds are relatively uncommon. Because Spiro Mounds is a protected archaeological site, any excavation requires appropriate permits and approvals. Archaeological investigations are conducted only after consultation with affiliated tribal nations, the US Army Corps of Engineers, and other relevant agencies. Today, researchers use non-invasive techniques whenever possible to learn more about the site while minimizing ground disturbance.
Why aren’t some artifacts on display?
Not every artifact from Spiro Mounds is suitable for permanent display. Some culturally sensitive items are not exhibited in accordance with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) and in consultation with affiliated tribal nations.
Other artifacts are preserved in secure, climate-controlled archival collections to protect them from light, humidity, temperature changes, and other environmental factors that can cause deterioration over time.
What is NAGPRA?
The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) is a federal law enacted in 1990 that governs the treatment and repatriation of Native American human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony.
At Spiro Mounds, the site works in consultation with its culturally affiliated tribal nations, the Caddo Nation and the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes, to ensure that these culturally sensitive materials are treated with respect and in accordance with federal law.
Are guided tours available?
Yes. Guided tours are available by advance reservation and must be scheduled ahead of your visit. Walk-in guided tours are not available. Scheduled tours are offered on select days based on staff availability. To inquire about scheduling a guided tour, please contact Spiro Mounds before your visit.
Can I walk the trails if the visitor center is closed?
No. Access to Spiro Mounds is through the visitor center during regular operating hours. The archaeological site and trail are open only when the visitor center is open, and staff are present.
Is the trail difficult?
The interpretive trail is approximately 1.5 miles long and follows natural terrain. Visitors should wear comfortable walking shoes, bring water, and be prepared for uneven ground. Because the site exists on an open floodplain, visitors should bring appropriate footwear during and after rainy weather.
Is the site accessible?
The visitor center is wheelchair accessible. Portions of the outdoor trail follow natural terrain and may not be fully accessible to all visitors. Please contact us with any specific accessibility questions before your visit.
Are pets allowed?
Yes. Pets are welcome but must be kept on a leash and under their owner’s control at all times. Owners are responsible for cleaning up after their pets and ensuring they do not disturb other visitors, wildlife, or archaeological resources. Pets may not be left unattended anywhere on the property. Please be aware that wildlife and stray animals may be present on the property. Pet owners are responsible for their animals’ safety and behavior during their visit.
