Grade 4 Academic Standards
4.2.2 Identify major physical features in the United States and analyze how physical processes shape places.
The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
Kenneth V. Luza, "Earthquakes"
Richard Lowitt, "Environment and Cultural Ecology"
Research Center Resources
Albert Perry Brigham, Geographic Influences in American History (Boston: Ginn & Company, 1903)
John W. Morris, ed. Geography of Oklahoma (Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma Historical Society, 1977)
Additional Resources
"North America: Physical Geography," National Geographic
"Forces that Change the Face of the Earth," Beyond Penguins and Polar Bears, OSU.edu
"Plate Tectonics," National Park Service
"Mountains," National Geographic
A. Identify and describe the physical characteristics of places, including the major landforms, bodies of water, vegetation and climates in the United States.
The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
Howard L. Johnson, "Climate"
Kenneth S. Johnson, "Lakes and Reservoirs"
Kenneth S. Johnson, "Rivers and Streams"
Kevin J. Ware and Richard A. Marston, "Kiamichi Mountains"
Melanie L. McPhail and Richard A. Marston, "Glass Mountains"
Research Center Resources
Josephy, Alvin M., ed. The American Heritage Book of Natural Wonders (New York: American Heritage Publishing Co., 1963)
Audio/Visual
Glass Mountains, 1960, Leslie H. Butts Collection, OHS
Dam at Medicine Park, Oklahoma https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc228880/
Online Primary Sources
"Aerial Photograph of Chicago, Illinois," 1938
Additional Resources
"Appalachian Mountains," Encyclopedia Britannica
"Bodies of Water: Complete List," Science Trends
"Climate," National Geographic
"Colorado River," Encyclopedia Britannica
"Death Valley," Encyclopedia Britannica
"Grand Canyon," Encyclopedia Britannica
"Great Lakes," Encyclopedia Britannica
"Great Plains," Encyclopedia Britannica
"Great Salt Lake," Encyclopedia Britannica
"Important Landforms in the U.S.," Sciencing.com
"Mississippi River," Encyclopedia Britannica
"Mojave Desert," Encyclopedia Britannica
"Ohio River," Encyclopedia Britannica
"Rio Grande," Encyclopedia Britannica
"Rocky Mountains," Encyclopedia Britannica
B. Describe the location and characteristics of the major ecosystems in the United States.
"Ecoregions of North America," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
"A New Map of Standardized Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Conterminous United States," U.S. Geological Survey
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