The 45th Infantry Division
Important Leaders in World War II
Axis
Fascism: an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization
Nazi Germany
Adolf Hitler (1889–1945)
Leader of the National Socialist German Workers (Nazi) Party, 1921–45
Chancellor and Dictator of Germany, 1933–45
The Italian Empire
Benito Mussolini (1883–1945)
Leader of the National Fascist Party of Italy, 1922–43
Dictator of Italy, 1930–43
Absolute monarchy: a form of government in which the monarch has absolute power over his or her people.
The Empire of Japan
Hirohito (1901–89)
His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of Japan, 1926–89
Allies
Representative democracy: founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people
The United States of America
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945)
32nd President of the United States of America, 1933–45
Harry S. Truman (1884–1972)
33rd President of the United States of America, 1945–53
Constitutional monarchy: a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a written, unwritten, or blended constitution
The United Kingdom
Sir Winston Churchill (1874–1965)
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 1940–45
Minister of Defense, 1940–45
Leader of the Conservative Party, 1940–55
Communism: a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Joseph Stalin (1878–1953)
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1922–52
Chairman of the Council of Ministers, 1941–53
People's Commissar for the Defense of the Soviet Union, 1941–46
