Historical Marker Program

Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce

Kay County
Location: on US 60 approximately 2 miles east of Tonkawa
Coordinates: 36.688083, -97.267000
Material: Granite
Sponsor(s): Tonkawa Historical Society and Oklahoma Historical Society
Topics: American Indians; Settlement Patterns; Territorial Period, 1861–1907

After surrendering to the US military in 1877, the Nez Perce under Chief Joseph were relocated to Indian Territory as prisoners of war. At Oakland Agency (near present-day Tonkawa), the Nez Perce made a substantial effort to become economically self-sufficient by arranging leasing agreements with local ranchers. They also established a day school. The Nez Perce left Indian Territory in 1885. Over 100 Nez Perce children died during their time in Indian Territory, including Chief Joseph’s daughter.